{"type": "excalidraw", "version": 2, "source": "generated", "elements": [{"id": "ATPgzEnHAJ06lhWfZKen", "type": "frame", "x": 390, "y": 30, "width": 2124.85, "height": 1057, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#bbb", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 1, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 0, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0000", "roundness": null, "seed": 638400275, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 1885849726, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "name": "System diagram"}, {"id": "ens3ESgF0G62waUhaT0Z", "type": "text", "x": -760, "y": -40, "width": 834.9000000000001, "height": 27.5, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0001", "roundness": null, "seed": 866167134, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 1916660394, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "Real-time messaging platform (Kyle's SD Q4): four follow-ups answered", "fontSize": 22, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "left", "verticalAlign": "top", "containerId": null, "originalText": "Real-time messaging platform (Kyle's SD Q4): four follow-ups answered", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "fh8gjbdcvkt5kYTJJVKo", "type": "text", "x": -760, "y": 20, "width": 608.3000000000001, "height": 157.5, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0002", "roundness": null, "seed": 1415098120, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 337935652, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "Say it in six sentences first\n1 Clients hold a WebSocket to a stateful chat server behind an L4 balancer;\n  a registry maps user -> server and doubles as presence.\n2 A message is written to the durable log and the recipient's inbox before\n  anyone is told, then routed to the recipient's server or the push service.\n3 Groups fan out through a batch service so one send never becomes 100k writes.\n4 Media goes straight to object storage (presigned) and back through a CDN.\n5 Read state is a per-member watermark that only moves forward.\n6 Retries are safe: client_msg_id + ACK only after the durable write.", "fontSize": 14, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "left", "verticalAlign": "top", "containerId": null, "originalText": "Say it in six sentences first\n1 Clients hold a WebSocket to a stateful chat server behind an L4 balancer;\n  a registry maps user -> server and doubles as presence.\n2 A message is written to the durable log and the recipient's inbox before\n  anyone is told, then routed to the recipient's server or the push service.\n3 Groups fan out through a batch service so one send never becomes 100k writes.\n4 Media goes straight to object storage (presigned) and back through a CDN.\n5 Read state is a per-member watermark that only moves forward.\n6 Retries are safe: client_msg_id + ACK only after the durable write.", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "py9AeDYBRfdPcsxlca7Q", "type": "text", "x": -760, "y": 201.5, "width": 569.8000000000001, "height": 122.5, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0003", "roundness": null, "seed": 1548604884, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 2111862780, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "Requirements\nFR: 1:1 and group (~100; channels to 100k) \u00b7 history synced across devices\n\u00b7 presence \u00b7 offline users get messages on reconnect \u00b7 delivered / read\nAsk: group cap? media? multi-device? presence accuracy? delete/edit?\nTechnical: 500M DAU, ~50B msgs/day = 580k/s avg, ~2M/s peak \u00b7 delivery\n< 200 ms \u00b7 no message loss \u00b7 availability over consistency (out-of-order\naccepted, render by timestamp) \u00b7 fan-out cost \u00b7 presence without writes", "fontSize": 14, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "left", "verticalAlign": "top", "containerId": null, "originalText": "Requirements\nFR: 1:1 and group (~100; channels to 100k) \u00b7 history synced across devices\n\u00b7 presence \u00b7 offline users get messages on reconnect \u00b7 delivered / read\nAsk: group cap? media? multi-device? presence accuracy? delete/edit?\nTechnical: 500M DAU, ~50B msgs/day = 580k/s avg, ~2M/s peak \u00b7 delivery\n< 200 ms \u00b7 no message loss \u00b7 availability over consistency (out-of-order\naccepted, render by timestamp) \u00b7 fan-out cost \u00b7 presence without writes", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "D6puJoxJwZ7hQvwM8Ega", "type": "text", "x": -760, "y": 348.0, "width": 569.8000000000001, "height": 122.5, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0004", "roundness": null, "seed": 716730350, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 1356405849, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "Core entities\nConversation(id, type dm|group|channel, cap)  Membership(conv, user, role)\nMessage(id monotonic per conv, conv_id, sender, client_msg_id, sender_ts,\n        server_ts, body | media_ref) immutable\nInbox(recipient_device, message_id) until ACK\nReadWatermark(conv_id, user_id, highest_read_id)  monotonic\nPresence = registry(user -> server, TTL)   Media(id, uri, size, variants)", "fontSize": 14, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "left", "verticalAlign": "top", "containerId": null, "originalText": "Core entities\nConversation(id, type dm|group|channel, cap)  Membership(conv, user, role)\nMessage(id monotonic per conv, conv_id, sender, client_msg_id, sender_ts,\n        server_ts, body | media_ref) immutable\nInbox(recipient_device, message_id) until ACK\nReadWatermark(conv_id, user_id, highest_read_id)  monotonic\nPresence = registry(user -> server, TTL)   Media(id, uri, size, variants)", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "Wzoy8A6s4FWiQqQwfVL2", "type": "text", "x": -760, "y": 494.5, "width": 585.2, "height": 140.0, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0005", "roundness": null, "seed": 16061412, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 207305782, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "API\nPOST /conversations   POST|DELETE /conversations/{id}/members/{uid}\nPOST /conversations/{id}/messages {client_msg_id, body|media_ref, sender_ts}\n     -> {message_id, server_ts}  idempotent\nGET /conversations/{id}/messages?since&limit\nPOST /conversations/{id}/read {highest_read_id}   GET .../reads\nPOST /media/uploads {size, type} -> presigned multipart URL\nWS /ws: message, receipt, presence frames; heartbeat 10-30 s", "fontSize": 14, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "left", "verticalAlign": "top", "containerId": null, "originalText": "API\nPOST /conversations   POST|DELETE /conversations/{id}/members/{uid}\nPOST /conversations/{id}/messages {client_msg_id, body|media_ref, sender_ts}\n     -> {message_id, server_ts}  idempotent\nGET /conversations/{id}/messages?since&limit\nPOST /conversations/{id}/read {highest_read_id}   GET .../reads\nPOST /media/uploads {size, type} -> presigned multipart URL\nWS /ws: message, receipt, presence frames; heartbeat 10-30 s", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "2SPVxht78oBB4aZpIif2", "type": "text", "x": -760, "y": 658.5, "width": 600.6, "height": 105.0, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "transparent", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": null, "index": "a0006", "roundness": null, "seed": 954928046, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 1453303996, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [], "updated": 1790781549609, "created": 1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "What breaks first\n- ACK before the durable write -> 'the ack that lies'; ACK after Kafka + inbox\n- per-recipient fan-out from the sending server at 100k -> batch service\n- per-message read matrix -> one watermark per member per conversation\n- bytes through the chat path -> presigned upload, references only\n- last_seen per heartbeat -> TTL in the registry", "fontSize": 14, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "left", "verticalAlign": "top", "containerId": null, "originalText": "What breaks first\n- ACK before the durable write -> 'the ack that lies'; ACK after Kafka + inbox\n- per-recipient fan-out from the sending server at 100k -> batch service\n- per-message read matrix -> one watermark per member per conversation\n- bytes through the chat path -> presigned upload, references only\n- last_seen per heartbeat -> TTL in the registry", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "UeK9Fel98ptSFl9MwbFU", "type": "rectangle", "x": 420, "y": 240, "width": 300, "height": 104, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "#f3f4f6", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", 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1790781549609, "link": null, "locked": false, "text": "Clients (phone, tablet, computer)\nWebSocket \u00b7 pending until ACK\nretry with client_msg_id", "fontSize": 14, "baseFontSize": null, "fontFamily": 5, "textAlign": "center", "verticalAlign": "middle", "containerId": "UeK9Fel98ptSFl9MwbFU", "originalText": "Clients (phone, tablet, computer)\nWebSocket \u00b7 pending until ACK\nretry with client_msg_id", "autoResize": true, "lineHeight": 1.25}, {"id": "s6bwWi7s7RoRjdopLaZQ", "type": "rectangle", "x": 940, "y": 240, "width": 300, "height": 84, "angle": 0, "strokeColor": "#1e1e1e", "backgroundColor": "#dbeafe", "fillStyle": "solid", "strokeWidth": 2, "strokeStyle": "solid", "roughness": 1, "opacity": 100, "groupIds": [], "frameId": "ATPgzEnHAJ06lhWfZKen", "index": "a0009", "roundness": {"type": 3}, "seed": 319064078, "version": 1, "versionNonce": 1209143511, "isDeleted": false, "boundElements": [{"type": "text", "id": "8sGEDb3Ey11S4vgvLWTN"}, {"type": "arrow", "id": 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